Spreading is a fundamental technique used to increase the width and reduce the thickness of heated metal, transforming it from a rod or bar into a wider shape like a fan or a flat surface. This is achieved by using the curved peen of a hammer to push the metal out from its center in controlled, overlapping blows against the flat surface or horn of the anvil. The material must be hot for the metal to flow, and the technique is used to create decorative elements like leaves, tool heads, or other features where more surface area is needed